RFID, lub npe tag nrho yog Radio Frequency Identification. Nws yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tsis sib cuag uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas xav tau thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov teeb liab xov tooj cua. Kev ua haujlwm txheeb xyuas tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tes thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw nyuaj. RFID thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom txav mus los ceev ceev thiab txheeb xyuas ntau lub cim tib lub sijhawm, ua rau kev ua haujlwm sai thiab yooj yim.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) daim ntawv cim yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab uas tsis tas kov los txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas xav tau thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov teeb liab xov tooj cua. Txoj haujlwm txheeb xyuas tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua tes ua taw. Cov ntawv cim no feem ntau muaj cov ntawv cim, antennas, thiab cov nyeem ntawv. Tus nyeem ntawv xa cov teeb liab xov tooj cua ntawm qee zaus los ntawm antenna. Thaum daim ntawv cim nkag mus rau hauv lub zog sib nqus, ib qho hluav taws xob raug tsim los kom tau txais lub zog thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv lub nti mus rau tus nyeem ntawv. Tus nyeem ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, decode nws, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub khoos phis tawj. Lub kaw lus ua tiav nws.
Daim ntawv lo RFID ua haujlwm raws li nram no:
1. Tom qab daim ntawv lo RFID nkag mus rau hauv lub teb sib nqus, nws tau txais lub teeb liab zaus xov tooj cua xa los ntawm RFID nyeem ntawv.
2. Siv lub zog tau los ntawm qhov tam sim no induced los xa cov ntaub ntawv khoom khaws cia rau hauv lub chip (Passive RFID Tag), lossis nquag xa lub teeb liab ntawm qee zaus (Active RFID Tag).
3. Tom qab tus nyeem ntawv nyeem thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv, nws raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus ntaub ntawv rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam.
Lub kaw lus RFID yooj yim tshaj plaws muaj peb ntu:
1. RFID Tag: Muaj ib lub RFID antenna (coupling element) thiab ib lub RFID IC (chip), txhua lub tag muaj ib lub electronic code tshwj xeeb, hu ua tus lej ID. Nws txuas rau ib yam khoom los txheeb xyuas yam khoom thiab tseem hu ua Transponder.
2. RFID Reader: Kuj hu ua reader-writer, qhov no yog ib lub cuab yeej siv los nyeem lossis encode cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov cim npe. Nws tuaj yeem tsim los ua tus nyeem ntawv tuav tes lossis nyeem ntawv ruaj khov, nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov.
3. Lub Tshuab Siv Software: Qhov no yog hais txog software ntawm txheej txheej siv, feem ntau yog tsim los ua cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntxiv thiab ua kom tib neeg nkag tau thiab siv tau.
Cov cim npe RFID feem ntau muaj cov chaw khaws khoom sib txawv lossis cov ntu sib txawv uas tuaj yeem khaws ntau hom kev txheeb xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov hom kev nco sib txawv uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov cim npe RFID yog:
1. TID (Tus Cim Qhia): TID yog tus cim qhia tshwj xeeb uas tus tsim daim cim muab rau. Nws yog lub cim xeeb nyeem nkaus xwb uas muaj tus lej tshwj xeeb thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb rau daim cim, xws li tus lej ntawm tus tsim khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog version. TID tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho lossis sau dua.
2. EPC (Electronic Product Code): Lub cim xeeb EPC yog siv los khaws cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb (EPC) ntawm txhua yam khoom lossis khoom. Nws muab cov lej nyeem tau hauv hluav taws xob uas txheeb xyuas thiab taug qab cov khoom ib leeg hauv cov khoom xa tuaj lossis cov khoom muag.
3. LUB CIM NCO TXOG TUS NEEG SIV: Lub cim xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv yog qhov chaw cia khoom uas tus neeg siv txhais hauv daim ntawv cim RFID uas siv tau los khaws cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov ntawv thov lossis cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau nws yog lub cim xeeb nyeem-sau, uas tso cai rau cov neeg siv tau tso cai hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov loj ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv sib txawv nyob ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv cim.
4. Lub Cim Xeeb Tseg: Lub cim xeeb tseg yog hais txog ib feem ntawm qhov chaw cim xeeb uas tseg rau kev siv yav tom ntej lossis cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Tus tsim daim ntawv lo yuav tseg rau kev txhim kho yam ntxwv lossis kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej lossis cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thov. Qhov loj me thiab kev siv ntawm lub cim xeeb tseg yuav txawv raws li tus qauv tsim thiab lub hom phiaj siv.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hom cim xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab nws lub peev xwm yuav txawv ntawm cov qauv RFID tag, vim tias txhua daim tag yuav muaj nws tus kheej qhov kev teeb tsa cim xeeb tshwj xeeb.
Hais txog kev siv tshuab RFID, UHF feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuab RFID passive. Cov cim npe thiab cov nyeem ntawv UHF RFID ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus ntawm 860 MHz thiab 960 MHz. UHF RFID systems muaj cov ntawv nyeem ntev dua thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua li cov tshuab RFID zaus qis. Cov cim npe no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov me me, lub teeb yuag, ruaj khov siab, nyeem / sau ceev thiab kev ruaj ntseg siab, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov lag luam loj thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm cov khoom xa tuaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li kev tiv thaiv kev cuav thiab kev taug qab. Yog li ntawd, lawv zoo rau cov ntawv thov xws li kev tswj hwm cov khoom muag, kev taug qab cov cuab tam thiab kev tswj hwm kev nkag mus.
EPCglobal yog ib qho kev koom tes ntawm International Association for Article Numbering (EAN) thiab United States Uniform Code Council (UCC). Nws yog ib lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas tau raug xaiv los ntawm kev lag luam thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm EPC network kom sai dua, tsis siv neeg thiab raug txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv cov saw hlau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm EPCglobal yog txhawb kev siv dav dav ntawm EPC networks thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Tus lej EPC (Electronic Product Code) yog tus cim tshwj xeeb uas muab rau txhua yam khoom uas muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv cim RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm EPC tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim li no: txuas cov khoom rau cov cim hluav taws xob los ntawm RFID thev naus laus zis, siv cov nthwv dej xov tooj cua rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txheeb xyuas. Lub kaw lus EPC feem ntau muaj peb ntu: cov cim npe, cov nyeem ntawv thiab cov chaw ua cov ntaub ntawv. Cov cim npe yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub kaw lus EPC. Lawv txuas rau cov khoom thiab nqa cov cim npe tshwj xeeb thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam txog cov khoom. Tus nyeem ntawv sib txuas lus nrog lub cim npe ntawm cov nthwv dej xov tooj cua thiab nyeem cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau ntawm lub cim npe. Lub chaw ua cov ntaub ntawv siv los txais, khaws cia thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv nyeem los ntawm cov cim npe.
Cov txheej txheem EPC muaj cov txiaj ntsig xws li kev tswj cov khoom muag zoo dua, txo kev siv zog ntawm tes hauv kev taug qab cov khoom, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj sai dua thiab raug dua, thiab kev lees paub cov khoom zoo dua. Nws hom ntawv txheem txhawb kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau lub tshuab sib txawv thiab ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke hauv ntau yam lag luam.
EPC Gen 2, luv rau Electronic Product Code Generation 2, yog tus qauv tshwj xeeb rau RFID cov cim npe thiab cov nyeem ntawv. EPC Gen 2 yog tus qauv tshiab rau kev sib txuas lus hauv huab cua uas tau pom zoo los ntawm EPCglobal, ib lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, hauv xyoo 2004 uas zam cov tswv cuab thiab cov chav haujlwm ntawm EPCglobal uas tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus EPCglobal IP los ntawm cov nqi patent. Tus qauv no yog lub hauv paus rau EPCglobal network ntawm kev siv tshuab radio frequency identification (RFID), Is Taws Nem thiab Electronic Product Code (EPC).
Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv siv dav tshaj plaws rau RFID thev naus laus zis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev xa khoom thiab kev siv muag khoom.
EPC Gen 2 yog ib feem ntawm tus qauv EPCglobal, uas lub hom phiaj yog los muab ib txoj kev txheem rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab taug qab cov khoom siv RFID. Nws txhais cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus thiab cov kev teeb tsa rau RFID cov cim npe thiab cov nyeem ntawv, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv.
ISO 18000-6 yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus huab cua uas tau tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem (ISO) rau kev siv nrog RFID (Xov Tooj Cua Zaus Kev Txheeb Xyuas) thev naus laus zis. Nws qhia txog cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus thiab cov cai xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nyeem RFID thiab cov cim npe.
Muaj ntau hom ntawm ISO 18000-6, uas ISO 18000-6C yog hom siv ntau tshaj plaws. ISO 18000-6C piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus huab cua rau UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID systems. Kuj tseem hu ua EPC Gen2 (Electronic Product Code Generation 2), nws yog tus qauv siv dav tshaj plaws rau UHF RFID systems.
ISO 18000-6C txhais cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus, cov qauv ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus txib siv rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm UHF RFID tags thiab cov nyeem ntawv. Nws qhia meej txog kev siv cov passive UHF RFID tags, uas tsis xav tau lub zog sab hauv thiab hloov chaw vam khom lub zog xa los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv los ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem ISO 18000-6 muaj ntau yam kev siv, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw xws li kev tswj hwm kev xa khoom, kev taug qab cov khoom xa tuaj, kev tiv thaiv kev cuav khoom, thiab kev tswj hwm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem ISO 18000-6, RFID thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov xwm txheej kom ua tiav kev txheeb xyuas thiab taug qab cov khoom sai thiab raug.
RFID thiab barcode muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov xwm txheej siv tau, tsis muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo kiag li. RFID zoo dua li barcode hauv qee qhov, piv txwv li:
1. Muaj peev xwm khaws cia: Cov cim RFID tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv cwj pwm, cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv ncig. Qhov no ua rau RFID siv tau zoo dua hauv kev xa khoom thiab kev tswj cov khoom muag, thiab tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm txhua yam khoom.
2. Kev nyeem ceev: RFID cov cim nyeem tau sai dua, tuaj yeem nyeem ntau cov cim hauv ib qho scan, ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
3. Nyeem tsis tau kov: Cov cim RFID siv thev naus laus zis xov tooj cua, tuaj yeem nyeem tsis tau kov. Qhov deb ntawm tus nyeem ntawv thiab daim ntawv cim tuaj yeem nyob hauv ob peb meters, tsis tas yuav ncaj qha teeb tsa daim ntawv cim, tuaj yeem nyeem tau ntau thiab nyeem tau deb.
4. Kev sau code thiab hloov kho tshiab tas li: Cov cim RFID tuaj yeem raug sau code, uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab hloov kho tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv xwm txheej thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem sau tseg rau ntawm daim cim hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, uas pab taug qab thiab tswj kev xa khoom thiab cov khoom muag hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Cov lej cim, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho lossis hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv tom qab luam theej duab.
5. Kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov: Cov cim RFID feem ntau muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw nyuaj xws li kub thiab txias, av noo thiab kuab paug. Cov cim tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv cov khoom siv ruaj khov los tiv thaiv cov cim nws tus kheej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov lej barcodes yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj, xws li khawb, tawg lossis paug, uas yuav ua rau nyeem tsis tau lossis nyeem tsis raug.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov lej cim muaj lawv qhov zoo, xws li tus nqi qis, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev yooj yim. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov lej cim yuav tsim nyog dua, xws li kev xa khoom me me thiab kev tswj cov khoom muag, cov xwm txheej uas xav tau kev luam theej ib qho los ntawm ib qho, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv siv RFID lossis barcode yuav tsum yog raws li cov xwm txheej thiab kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov. Yog tias xav tau kev nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam kom zoo, ceev, thiab deb, RFID yuav tsim nyog dua; thiab yog tias xav tau cov xwm txheej pheej yig dua, yooj yim siv, bar code yuav tsim nyog dua.
Txawm hais tias RFID thev naus laus zis muaj ntau yam zoo, nws yuav tsis hloov pauv tag nrho cov lej bar. Ob qho tib si barcode thiab RFID thev naus laus zis muaj lawv cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau.
Barcode yog ib qho thev naus laus zis pheej yig thiab pheej yig, yooj ywm thiab siv tau, uas siv dav hauv kev muag khoom, kev xa khoom thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv me me, uas tsuas yog khaws tau ib tus lej, muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv me me, thiab tsuas yog khaws cov lej, lus Askiv, cov cim, thiab qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm 128 ASCII codes. Thaum siv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog nyeem lub npe code khaws cia kom hu rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub network computer rau kev txheeb xyuas.
Cov thev naus laus zis RFID, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv loj dua thiab tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm txhua chav khoom. Nws yog raws li thev naus laus zis zaus xov tooj cua thiab tuaj yeem encrypted lossis password-protected kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj ntseg. RFID tags tuaj yeem encoded thiab tuaj yeem nyeem, hloov kho, thiab qhib nrog lwm cov interfaces sab nraud los tsim kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias RFID thev naus laus zis muaj ntau yam zoo, nws yuav tsis hloov pauv tag nrho cov lej bar. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, ob qho tib si tuaj yeem sib pab ua ke thiab ua haujlwm ua ke kom paub txog kev txheeb xyuas thiab taug qab cov khoom.
Cov ntawv cim RFID tuaj yeem khaws ntau hom ntaub ntawv, suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau cov hauv qab no:
1. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom: Piv txwv li, lub npe, qauv, qhov loj me, qhov hnyav, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom: Piv txwv li, xim, qauv, khoom siv, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom: Piv txwv li, hnub tsim khoom, pawg tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia.
4. Cov ntaub ntawv txog kev xa khoom: Piv txwv li, txoj kev thauj mus los, txoj kev thauj mus los, xwm txheej kev xa khoom, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia.
5. Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag ntawm cov khoom: Piv txwv li, tus lej cim tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag, hom tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag, xwm txheej tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia.
Ntxiv rau, RFID tlabels kuj tseem tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov lej, cov ntawv, thiab cov cim, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv binary. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem sau thiab nyeem tau los ntawm RFID nyeem ntawv/sau ntawv.
Cov cim npe RFID siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau:
1. Kev Thauj Mus Los: Cov tuam txhab thauj mus los siv tau RFID cov cim npe los taug qab cov khoom muag, txhim kho kev thauj mus los kom zoo thiab raug, thiab muab cov kev pabcuam thauj mus los zoo dua rau cov neeg siv khoom.
2. Kev Muag Khoom: Cov khw muag khoom siv RFID cov cim npe rau kev tswj cov khoom muag, kev tswj cov khoom muag thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tub sab. Lawv siv los ntawm cov khw muag khaub ncaws, cov khw muag khoom loj, cov khw muag khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam lag luam hauv kev lag luam muag khoom.
3. Kev tswj cov cuab tam: Cov cim RFID yog siv rau kev taug qab thiab kev tswj cov cuab tam hauv ntau yam lag luam. Cov koom haum siv lawv los taug qab cov cuab tam muaj nqis, khoom siv, cov cuab yeej, thiab cov khoom muag. Cov lag luam xws li kev tsim kho, IT, kev kawm thiab cov koom haum tsoomfwv siv cov cim RFID rau kev tswj cov cuab tam.
4. Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv: Cov cim RFID siv rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv rau kev tswj hwm phau ntawv zoo suav nrog kev qiv, qiv thiab tswj cov khoom muag.
Cov cim RFID siv tau rau txhua qhov xwm txheej uas cov khoom yuav tsum tau taug qab, txheeb xyuas thiab tswj hwm. Yog li ntawd, cov cim RFID siv los ntawm ntau yam lag luam thiab cov koom haum sib txawv, suav nrog cov tuam txhab thauj khoom, cov khw muag khoom, cov tsev kho mob, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov tsev qiv ntawv, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Tus nqi ntawm RFID cov cim npe sib txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li hom cim npe, nws qhov loj me, nyeem tau ntau npaum li cas, muaj peev xwm nco tau, seb nws puas xav tau cov lej sau lossis kev zais cia, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau hais lus, RFID cov cim npe muaj ntau yam nqi, uas tej zaum yuav yog txij li ob peb xees mus txog ob peb kaum daus las, nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv. Qee cov cim npe RFID uas siv ntau, xws li cov cim npe RFID ib txwm siv hauv kev muag khoom thiab kev xa khoom, feem ntau raug nqi ntawm ob peb xees thiab ob peb daus las. Thiab qee cov cim npe RFID ua tau zoo, xws li cov cim npe RFID zaus siab rau kev taug qab thiab kev tswj hwm cov cuab tam, tej zaum yuav raug nqi ntau dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cim RFID tsis yog tus nqi nkaus xwb. Muaj lwm yam nqi cuam tshuam uas yuav tsum xav txog thaum xa tawm thiab siv lub kaw lus RFID, xws li tus nqi ntawm cov nyeem ntawv thiab cov kav hlau txais xov, tus nqi ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab kev siv daim ntawv cim, tus nqi ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm lub kaw lus thiab kev tsim kho software, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv daim ntawv cim RFID, koj yuav tsum xav txog tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cim thiab lwm yam nqi cuam tshuam kom xaiv tau hom ntawv cim thiab tus neeg muag khoom uas haum rau koj cov kev xav tau zoo tshaj plaws.