Ko te RFID, ko te ingoa katoa ko te Identification Radio Frequency. He hangarau tautuhi aunoa kore-pā e tautuhi aunoa ana i ngā mea e whaia ana, ā, e whiwhi ana i ngā raraunga e tika ana mā roto i ngā tohu auau reo irirangi. Kāore e hiahiatia he wawaotanga ā-ringa mō te mahi tautuhi, ā, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Ka taea e te hangarau RFID te tautuhi i ngā mea neke tere-tere me te tautuhi i ngā tohu maha i te wā kotahi, kia tere ai, kia watea ai hoki te mahi.
Ko te tohu RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) he hangarau tautuhi aunoa kore-pā e tautuhi aunoa ana i ngā mea e whaia ana, ā, e whiwhi ana i ngā raraunga e tika ana mā roto i ngā tohu auau reo irirangi. Kāore e hiahiatia he wawaotanga ā-ringa mō te mahi tautuhi. Ko ēnei tohu he tohu, he pūihi, me ngā kaipānui. Ka tukuna e te kaipānui he tohu auau reo irirangi o tētahi auau mā roto i te pūihi. Ina uru te tohu ki te papa aukume, ka puta he iahiko whakaoho hei whiwhi pūngao, hei tuku i ngā mōhiohio kua rongoatia i roto i te maramara ki te kaipānui. Ka pānuihia e te kaipānui ngā mōhiohio, ka wetewetehia, ka tukuna ngā raraunga ki te rorohiko. Ka tukatukahia e te pūnaha.
Ko te mahi a te tapanga RFID penei:
1. Whai muri i te urunga o te tapanga RFID ki te papa aukume, ka whiwhi ia i te tohu auau reo irirangi i tukuna e te kaipānui RFID.
2. Whakamahia te pūngao i riro mai i te iahiko whakaoho hei tuku i ngā mōhiohio hua kua rongoatia ki roto i te maramara (Tag RFID Passive), ka tuku kaha rānei i tētahi tohu o tētahi auau (Tag RFID Hohe).
3. Kia oti te pānui me te wetewete a te kaipānui i ngā mōhiohio, ka tukuna atu ki te pūnaha mōhiohio matua hei tukatuka raraunga e tika ana.
E toru ngā wāhanga o tētahi pūnaha RFID tino taketake:
1. Tohu RFID: He mea tito mai i te pūihi RFID (wāhanga hononga) me te IC RFID (maramara), he waehere hiko ahurei kei ia tohu, e mōhiotia ana ko te tau ID. Ka tāpirihia ki tētahi mea hei tautuhi i te mea ūnga, ā, e kiia ana hoki ko te Transponder.
2. Pānui RFID: E kiia ana hoki he kaipānui-kaituhi, he taputapu tēnei e whakamahia ana hei pānui, hei whakawaehere rānei i ngā mōhiohio kei runga i ngā tohu. Ka taea te hoahoa hei kaipānui ringaringa, hei kaipānui tūmau rānei, i runga i te tono.
3. Pūnaha Pūmanawa Taupānga: E pā ana tēnei ki ngā pūmanawa kei te paparanga taupānga, i hangaia hei tukatuka i ngā raraunga kua kohia, kia wātea ai, kia whai hua ai hoki mā te tangata.
He rerekē ngā wāhi rokiroki, ngā wāhanga rānei o ngā tohu RFID, ā, ka taea te penapena i ngā momo tuakiri me ngā raraunga rerekē. Ko ngā momo mahara rerekē e kitea ana i roto i ngā tohu RFID ko:
1. TID (Tag Identifier): Ko te TID he tohu motuhake kua tohaina e te kaihanga tohu. He mahara pānui-anake kei roto he tau rangatū ahurei me ētahi atu mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tohu, pērā i te waehere a te kaihanga, ngā taipitopito putanga rānei. Kāore e taea te whakarerekē, te tuhirua rānei i te TID.
2. EPC (Waehere Hua Hiko): Ka whakamahia te mahara EPC hei penapena i te tohu motuhake ā-ao (EPC) o ia hua, o ia taonga rānei. Ka whakaratohia he waehere ka taea te pānui hiko e tautuhi motuhake ana, e aroturuki ana hoki i ngā taonga takitahi i roto i te mekameka tuku taonga, i te pūnaha whakahaere rawa rānei.
3. Mahara Kaiwhakamahi: Ko te mahara Kaiwhakamahi he wāhi rokiroki kua tautuhia e te kaiwhakamahi i roto i te tohu RFID ka taea te whakamahi hei penapena raraunga, mōhiohio rānei kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā tono, ki ngā whakaritenga rānei. Ko te tikanga he mahara pānui-tuhi, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakamahi whai mana ki te whakarerekē i ngā raraunga. Ka rerekē te rahi o te mahara kaiwhakamahi i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te tohu.
4. Mahara Kua Rāhuitia: Ko te mahara kua rāhuitia e pā ana ki te wāhanga o te wāhi mahara tohu kua rāhuitia mō te whakamahinga ā muri ake nei, mō ngā kaupapa motuhake rānei. Tērā pea ka rāhuitia e te kaihanga tapanga mō te whanaketanga āhuatanga, mahi rānei ā muri ake nei, mō ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake rānei. Tērā pea ka rerekē te rahi me te whakamahinga o te mahara kua rāhuitia i runga i te hoahoa o te tohu me te whakamahinga e whakaarohia ana.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko te momo mahara motuhake me tōna kaha ka rerekē pea i waenga i ngā tauira tohu RFID, nā te mea he rerekē te whirihoranga mahara motuhake o ia tohu.
Mō te hangarau RFID, ko te UHF te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā pūnaha RFID kore mahi. Ka mahi ngā tohu me ngā kaipānui RFID UHF i ngā auau i waenga i te 860 MHz me te 960 MHz. He roa ake ngā awhe pānui me ngā tere raraunga teitei ake o ngā pūnaha RFID UHF i ngā pūnaha RFID auau-iti. Ko ēnei tohu he iti te rahi, he māmā, he roa te mau, he tere te pānui/tuhi me te haumarutanga teitei, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā tono pakihi nui me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere mekameka tuku me ngā painga i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i te ārai i te tinihanga me te whai i ngā raraunga. Nō reira, he pai mō ngā tono pēnei i te whakahaere rawa, te aroturuki rawa me te whakahaere urunga.
He hononga tahi a EPCglobal i waenganui i te International Association for Article Numbering (EAN) me te United States Uniform Code Council (UCC). He whakahaere kore-moni i tukuna e te umanga, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te paerewa ā-ao o te whatunga EPC kia tere ake, kia aunoa, kia tika hoki te tautuhi i ngā taonga i roto i te mekameka tuku. Ko te kaupapa o EPCglobal he whakatairanga i te whakamahinga whānui o ngā whatunga EPC huri noa i te ao.
Ko te EPC (Waehere Hua Hiko) he tohu ahurei kua tohaina ki ia hua kua whakauruhia ki roto i te tohu RFID (Irirangi Auautanga Tautuhi).
Ko te kaupapa mahi a te EPC ka taea te whakaahua ngāwari penei: te hono i ngā taonga ki ngā tohu hiko mā te hangarau RFID, mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru reo irirangi hei tuku raraunga me te tautuhi. Ko te pūnaha EPC he wāhanga matua e toru: ngā tohu, ngā kaipānui me ngā pokapū tukatuka raraunga. Ko ngā tohu te uho o te pūnaha EPC. Ka honoa ēnei ki ngā taonga, ā, ka mau i ngā tohu tuakiri ahurei me ētahi atu mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā taonga. Ka kōrero te kaipānui ki te tohu mā ngā ngaru reo irirangi, ā, ka pānui i ngā mōhiohio kua rongoatia ki te tohu. Ka whakamahia te pokapū tukatuka raraunga hei whiwhi, hei penapena me te tukatuka i ngā raraunga kua pānuihia e ngā tohu.
He pai ngā painga o ngā pūnaha EPC pēnei i te whakapai ake i te whakahaere rawa, te whakaiti i te kaha ā-ringa ki te aroturuki i ngā hua, te tere ake me te tika ake o ngā mahi mekameka tuku, me te whakarei ake i te tiwhikete hua. Mā tōna whakatakotoranga paerewa ka whakatairanga i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā pūnaha rerekē, ā, ka taea te whakauru pai i roto i ngā momo ahumahi.
Ko te EPC Gen 2, he whakarāpopototanga mō te Electronic Product Code Generation 2, he paerewa motuhake mō ngā tohu me ngā kaipānui RFID. Ko te EPC Gen 2 he paerewa atanga hau hou i whakaaetia e EPCglobal, he whakahaere paerewa kore-moni, i te tau 2004 e whakakore ana i ngā utu pateni mō ngā mema me ngā waeine o EPCglobal kua hainatia te whakaaetanga IP EPCglobal. Ko tēnei paerewa te pūtake mō te whatunga hangarau tautuhi auau reo irirangi (RFID) a EPCglobal, te Ipurangi me te Electronic Product Code (EPC).
Ko tētahi o ngā paerewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hangarau RFID, inā koa i roto i ngā tono mekameka tuku me te hokohoko.
Ko te EPC Gen 2 tētahi wāhanga o te paerewa EPCglobal, e whai ana ki te whakarato i tētahi tikanga paerewa mō te tautuhi me te aroturuki i ngā hua mā te whakamahi i te RFID. E tautuhi ana i ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā tawhā mō ngā tohu RFID me ngā kaipānui, kia taea ai te mahi tahi me te hototahi i waenga i ngā kaihanga rerekē.
Ko te ISO 18000-6 he kawa atanga hau i whakawhanakehia e te Whakahaere Paerewa o te Ao (ISO) hei whakamahi me te hangarau RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). E tohu ana i ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā ture tuku raraunga i waenga i ngā kaipānui RFID me ngā tohu.
He maha ngā putanga o te ISO 18000-6, ko te ISO 18000-6C te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Kei roto i te ISO 18000-6C te kawa atanga hau mō ngā pūnaha RFID UHF (Ultra High Frequency). E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te EPC Gen2 (Electronic Product Code Generation 2), koinei te paerewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā pūnaha RFID UHF.
E whakamārama ana te ISO 18000-6C i ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā hanganga raraunga me ngā huinga whakahau e whakamahia ana mō te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā tohu UHF RFID me ngā kaipānui. E whakamārama ana i te whakamahinga o ngā tohu UHF RFID kore mahi, kāore e hiahiatia he pūtake hiko ā-roto, engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūngao e tukuna ana mai i te kaipānui hei whakahaere.
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te kawa ISO 18000-6, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā mara maha pērā i te whakahaere ratonga, te aroturuki mekameka tuku, te ārai i te tinihanga taonga, me te whakahaere kaimahi. Mā te whakamahi i te kawa ISO 18000-6, ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau RFID i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha hei whakatutuki i te tautuhi me te aroturuki tere me te tika o ngā taonga.
He painga, he āhuatanga hoki e tika ana mō te RFID me te waehere pae, kāore he painga, he ngoikoretanga tino tika. He pai ake te RFID i te waehere pae i ētahi āhuatanga, hei tauira:
1. Te kaha rokiroki: Ka taea e ngā tohu RFID te penapena i ētahi atu mōhiohio, tae atu ki ngā mōhiohio taketake o te taonga, ngā mōhiohio āhuatanga, ngā mōhiohio whakaputa, me ngā mōhiohio tohatoha. Mā tēnei ka nui ake te whakamahinga o te RFID i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere taonga me te whakahaere rawa, ā, ka taea te whai i te huringa ora katoa o ia taonga.
2. Tere pānui: Ka tere ake te pānui a ngā tūtohu RFID, ka taea te pānui i ngā tūtohu maha i roto i te matawai, ka tino whakapai ake i te whai huatanga.
3. Pānui kore-pā: Ka whakamahia e ngā tohu RFID te hangarau auau reo irirangi, ka taea te whakatutuki i te pānui kore-pā. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i te kaipānui me te tohu ka taea te noho i roto i te torutoru mita, me te kore e hiahiatia te whakarite tika i te tohu, ka taea te whakatutuki i te pānui puranga me te pānui tawhiti.
4. Whakawaehere me te whakahou hihiri: Ka taea te whakawaehere i ngā tohu RFID, ka taea ai te penapena me te whakahou i ngā raraunga. Ka taea te tuhi i ngā mōhiohio tūnga me te tauwāhi o ngā taonga ki te tohu i te wā tūturu, ka āwhina i te whai me te whakahaere i ngā mahi whakahaere me ngā taonga i te wā tūturu. Ko ngā paewaehere, i tētahi atu taha, he tūmau, ā, kāore e taea te whakahou, te whakarerekē rānei i ngā raraunga i muri i te matawai.
5. Te pono me te roa o te wā: He nui te pono me te roa o ngā tohu RFID, ā, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua pēnei i te pāmahana teitei, te haumākū me te parahanga. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā tohu ki roto i ngā rauemi roa hei tiaki i te tohu tonu. Ko ngā paekōti, i tētahi atu taha, ka ngawari ki te pakaru, pēnei i te karawarawa, te pakaru, te poke rānei, ka hua ake te kore e taea te pānui, te he rānei o te pānui.
Heoi anō, he pai ngā paewaehere, pērā i te iti o te utu, te ngāwari, me te māmā noa iho. I ētahi wā, he pai ake pea ngā paewaehere, pērā i te whakahaere i ngā mahi iti me te whakahaere taonga, ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te matawai takitahi, me ētahi atu.
Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri i te RFID, i te waehere pae rānei, me ahu mai i ngā āhuatanga me ngā hiahia motuhake o te tono. Mēnā e hiahiatia ana he pānui tere, whai hua, me te tawhiti hoki o ngā mōhiohio maha, he pai ake pea te RFID; ā, mēnā e hiahiatia ana he iti ake te utu, he ngāwari hoki te whakamahi, he pai ake pea te waehere pae.
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te hangarau RFID, e kore e taea te whakakapi katoa i ngā waehere pae. He painga motuhake tō te waehere pae me te hangarau RFID, ā, he āhuatanga hoki e tika ana mō ēnei.
He hangarau tautuhi ōhanga, iti te utu, ngāwari, ā, whai hua te waehere pae, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hokohoko, te whakahaere me ētahi atu mara. Heoi, he iti te kaha rokiroki raraunga, ka taea anake te penapena i te waehere, he iti te kaha rokiroki mōhiohio, ā, ka taea anake te penapena i ngā tau, te reo Ingarihi, ngā pūāhua, me te kiato mōhiohio mōrahi o te 128 waehere ASCII. Ina whakamahia, me pānui te ingoa waehere kua rongoatia hei karanga i ngā raraunga i roto i te whatunga rorohiko mō te tautuhi.
Ko te hangarau RFID ia, he nui ake te kaha rokiroki raraunga, ā, ka taea te whai i ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te huringa ora o ia wae rauemi. He mea hanga ki te hangarau auau reo irirangi, ā, ka taea te whakamuna, te tiaki rānei i te kupuhipa kia noho haumaru ai ngā raraunga. Ka taea te whakakōwae i ngā tohu RFID, ā, ka taea te pānui, te whakahou, me te whakahohe mā ētahi atu atanga o waho hei whakaputa i ngā whakawhitiwhiti raraunga.
Nō reira, ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te hangarau RFID, kāore e taea te whakakapi katoa i ngā waehere pae. I roto i ngā āhuatanga tono maha, ka taea e ngā mea e rua te tautoko tetahi i tetahi, me te mahi tahi ki te whakatutuki i te tautuhi aunoa me te aroturuki i ngā taonga.
Ka taea e ngā tapanga RFID te penapena i ngā momo mōhiohio maha, tae atu ki ēnei engari kāore i te herea ki:
1. Ngā mōhiohio taketake mō te taonga: Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te ingoa, te tauira, te rahi, te taumaha, me ētahi atu o te taonga.
2. Ngā mōhiohio huanga o te taonga: Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te tae, te kakano, te rauemi, me ētahi atu o te taonga.
3. Ngā mōhiohio whakaputa o te taonga: Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te rā whakaputa, te puranga whakaputa, te kaihanga, me ētahi atu o te taonga.
4. Ngā mōhiohio tohatoha o ngā taonga: Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te ara kawe, te tikanga kawe, te tūnga whakahaere, me ētahi atu o ngā taonga.
5. Ngā mōhiohio ārai-tahae o ngā taonga: Hei tauira, ka taea te penapena i te tau tohu ārai-tahae, te momo ārai-tahae, te tūnga ārai-tahae, me ētahi atu o te taonga.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea hoki e ngā tapanga RFID te penapena i ngā mōhiohio tuhinga pēnei i ngā tau, ngā reta, me ngā pūāhua, tae atu ki ngā raraunga rua. Ka taea te tuhi me te pānui i ēnei mōhiohio mai i tawhiti mā te kaipānui/kaituhi RFID.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā tohu RFID i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki engari kāore i te herea ki:
1. Ratonga Whakahaere: Ka taea e ngā kamupene whakahaere te whakamahi i ngā tohu RFID hei aroturuki i ngā taonga, hei whakapai ake i te pai me te tika o te kawe waka, me te whakarato ratonga whakahaere pai ake ki ngā kiritaki.
2. Hokohoko: Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihokohoko ngā tohu RFID mō te whakahaere taonga, te whakahaere taonga me te aukati i te tahae. Ka whakamahia ēnei e ngā toa kakahu, ngā hūpāmakete, ngā kaihokohoko hiko me ētahi atu pakihi i roto i te umanga hokohoko.
3. Whakahaere rawa: Ka whakamahia ngā tohu RFID mō te aroturuki me te whakahaere rawa i roto i ngā momo ahumahi. Ka whakamahia e ngā whakahaere hei aroturuki i ngā rawa, taputapu, taputapu me ngā taonga. Ka whakamahia e ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga, te hangarau mōhiohio, te mātauranga me ngā tari kāwanatanga ngā tohu RFID mō te whakahaere rawa.
4. Ngā Whare Pukapuka: Ka whakamahia ngā tohu RFID i roto i ngā whare pukapuka hei whakahaere pukapuka whai hua tae atu ki te nama, te tuku me te whakahaere rarangi pukapuka.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tohu RFID i roto i ngā āhuatanga tono katoa e hiahia ana kia aroturukihia, kia tautuhia, kia whakahaerea hoki ngā taonga. Nō reira, e whakamahia ana ngā tohu RFID e te maha o ngā ahumahi me ngā whakahaere rerekē, tae atu ki ngā kamupene kawe taonga, ngā kaihokohoko, ngā hōhipera, ngā kaihanga, ngā whare pukapuka, me ētahi atu.
Ka rerekē te utu o ngā tūtohu RFID i runga i ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te momo tūtohu, tōna rahi, te whānuitanga pānui, te kaha mahara, te hiahiatanga o ngā waehere tuhi, te whakamunatanga rānei, me ētahi atu.
Ko te tikanga whānui, he whānuitia ngā utu mō ngā tohu RFID, mai i te torutoru hēneti ki te tekau tāra, i runga i te mahi me te whakamahinga. Ko ētahi tohu RFID noa, pērā i ngā tohu RFID noa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hokohoko me te kawe taonga, he maha ngā wā ka utua i waenga i te torutoru hēneti me te torutoru tāra. Ā, ko ētahi tohu RFID mahi-teitei, pērā i ngā tohu RFID auau-teitei mō te aroturuki me te whakahaere rawa, he nui ake pea te utu.
He mea nui anō hoki kia mōhio koe ehara i te mea ko te utu anake o te tohu RFID te utu. Tērā atu anō ngā utu e pā ana ki te whakaaro i te wā e whakatinana ana, e whakamahi ana hoki i te pūnaha RFID, pērā i te utu o ngā kaipānui me ngā pūihi, te utu mō te tā me te whakamahi i ngā tohu, te utu mō te whakaurunga pūnaha me te whakawhanake pūmanawa, me ētahi atu. Nō reira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tohu RFID, me whakaaro koe ki te utu o ngā tohu me ētahi atu utu e pā ana kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i te momo tohu me te kaiwhakarato e pai ana mō ō hiahia.