FAQ

RFID, zita rizere iRadio Frequency Identification. Iyo isiri-inobata otomatiki yekuzivikanwa tekinoroji iyo inozivisa otomatiki zvinhu zvinonangwa uye inowana yakakodzera data kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency masaini. Basa rekuzivikanwa haridi kupindira kwemaoko uye rinogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakaoma. RFID tekinoroji inogona kuona yakakwira-kumhanya zvinhu uye kuona akawanda ma tag panguva imwe chete, zvichiita kuti kuvhiyiwa kuve nekukurumidza uye nyore.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag ndeye isingabatanidzi otomatiki chitupa tekinoroji iyo inozivisa otomatiki zvinhu zvinonangwa uye inowana data rakakodzera kuburikidza nemasaisai eredhiyo. Basa rekuzivikanwa haridi kupindira kwemaoko. Aya ma tag anowanzo kuve nema tag, antennas, uye vaverengi. Muverengi anotumira redhiyo frequency chiratidzo cheimwe frequency kuburikidza neantenna. Kana iyo tag ichipinda musimba remagineti, ikozvino induced inogadzirwa kuti iwane simba uye kutumira ruzivo rwakachengetwa muchip kumuverengi. Muverengi anoverenga ruzivo, anorunyora, uye anotumira data kukombiyuta. Iyo system inoigadzirisa.

RFID label inoshanda seinotevera:

1. Mushure mekunge iyo RFID label ichipinda mundima yemagineti, inogamuchira chiratidzo cheredhiyo inotumirwa nemuverengi weRFID.

2. Shandisa simba rinowanikwa kubva kune yakakonzerwa ikozvino kutumira ruzivo rwechigadzirwa rwakachengetwa muchip (Passive RFID Tag), kana kushingaira kutumira chiratidzo cheimwe frequency (Active RFID Tag).

3. Mushure mokunge muverengi averenga uye akagadzirisa ruzivo, runotumirwa kumusangano wepakati wehutano hwekugadzirisa data.

Iyo yakanyanya kukosha RFID system ine zvikamu zvitatu:

1. RFID Tag: Yakagadzirwa neRFID antenna (coupling element) uye RFID IC (chip), tag imwe neimwe ine kodhi yemagetsi yakasiyana, inozivikanwa senhamba yeID. Inonamirwa kune chimwe chinhu kuti ione chinhu chinonangwa uye inonziwo Transponder.

2. RFID Reader: Inonziwo muverengi-munyori, ichi chigadziro chinoshandiswa kuverenga kana kukodha ruzivo pamatagi. Inogona kugadzirwa seyakabatwa ruoko kana yakagadziriswa muverengi, zvichienderana nekushandisa.

3. Application Software System: Izvi zvinoreva software pane application layer, inonyanya kugadzirirwa kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa data yakaunganidzwa uye kuita kuti iwanikwe uye ishandiswe nevanhu.

RFID tag inowanzova nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetera kana zvikamu zvinogona kuchengetedza marudzi akasiyana ekuzivikanwa uye data. Iwo akasiyana marudzi endangariro anowanzo kuwanikwa muRFID tag ndeaya:

1. TID (Tag Identifier): TID chiziviso chakasiyana chakapihwa nemugadziri wema tag. Chiyeuchidzo chekuverenga chete chine nhamba yakasarudzika uye rumwe ruzivo rwakanangana neti, senge kodhi yemugadziri kana ruzivo rweshanduro. TID haigone kugadziridzwa kana kunyorwa pamusoro.

2. EPC (Electronic Product Code): EPC ndangariro inoshandiswa kuchengeta chiziviso chepasi rose (EPC) chechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe kana chinhu. Inopa makodhi anoverengeka emagetsi ayo anozivisa uye anoteedzera zvinhu zvega mukati meketani yekugovera kana inventory management system.

3. USER Memory: Chiyeuchidzo chemushandisi inzvimbo yakatsanangurwa yekuchengetera muRFID tag iyo inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza yakagadziridzwa data kana ruzivo zvinoenderana nechaiyo maapplication kana zvinodiwa. Inowanzo kuverenga-kunyora ndangariro, ichibvumira vashandisi vane mvumo kugadzirisa iyo data. Saizi yemushandisi ndangariro inosiyana zvichienderana neiyo tag yakatarwa.

4. Yakachengetedzwa Memory: Yakachengetedzwa ndangariro inoreva chikamu cheti tag ndangariro nzvimbo yakachengeterwa kushandiswa mune ramangwana kana zvakakosha zvinangwa. Inogona kuchengetwa neanogadzira label kuitira ramangwana ficha kana mashandiro ekuvandudza kana zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Saizi uye mashandisirwo eakachengetwa memory anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nedhizaini yetiki uye kushandiswa kwakagadzirirwa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo chaiyo yekurangarira mhando uye kugona kwayo kunogona kusiyana pakati peRFID tag modhi, sezvo tag yega yega inogona kunge iine yayo yakasarudzika yekumisikidza ndangariro.

Panyaya yeRFID tekinoroji, UHF inowanzo shandiswa kune passive RFID masisitimu. UHF RFID tag uye vaverengi vanoshanda pama frequency ari pakati pe860 MHz uye 960 MHz. UHF RFID masisitimu ane kureba kuverenga mazinga uye yakakwirira data mareti pane yakaderera-frequency RFID masisitimu. Aya ma tag anoratidzirwa nehukuru hudiki, huremu huremu, kusimba kwepamusoro, kukurumidza kuverenga / kunyora kukurumidza uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, izvo zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemabhizimusi makuru ekushandisa uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekutungamira kwekutengesa keteni uye mabhenefiti munzvimbo dzakadai seanti-yekunyepedzera uye traceability. Naizvozvo, ivo vakanyatsokodzera zvikumbiro senge inventory management, asset tracking uye yekuwana kutonga.

EPCglobal mubatanidzwa pakati peInternational Association for Article Numbering (EAN) neUnited States Uniform Code Council (UCC). Iri isangano risingaite purofiti rakatumwa neindasitiri uye rinotarisira chiyero chepasi rose cheEPC network kuti ikurumidze, otomatiki uye nemazvo kuona zvinhu mumaketani ekutengesa. Chinangwa cheEPCglobal ndechekusimudzira kushandiswa kwakakura kweEPC network pasi rose.

Iyo EPC (Electronic Product Code) ideti yakasarudzika inopihwa kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa chakaiswa muRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag.

Nheyo yekushanda yeEPC inogona kungotsanangurwa se: kubatanidza zvinhu kuma tag emagetsi kuburikidza neRFID tekinoroji, uchishandisa masaisai eredhiyo ekufambisa uye kuzivikanwa. Iyo EPC system inonyanya kuve nezvikamu zvitatu: ma tag, vaverengi uye nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa data. Matagi ndiwo musimboti weEPC system. Iwo akabatanidzwa kune zvinhu uye anotakura akasiyana chitupa uye mamwe ruzivo rwakakosha nezvezvinhu. Muverengi anotaurirana netag kuburikidza nemasaisai eredhiyo uye anoverenga ruzivo rwakachengetwa pategi. Iyo data processing centre inoshandiswa kugamuchira, kuchengeta uye kugadzirisa iyo data inoverengwa nema tag.

EPC masisitimu anopa mabhenefiti akadai sekunatsiridza manejimendi manejimendi, kuderedzwa kwemaoko kuedza mukutevera zvigadzirwa, nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana mashandiro echeni yekugovera, uye yakagadziridzwa chigadzirwa chitupa. Yayo yakamisikidzwa fomati inosimudzira kudyidzana pakati peakasiyana masisitimu uye inogonesa kusanganisa musanganiswa mukati memaindasitiri akasiyana.

EPC Gen 2, ipfupi yeElectronic Product Code Generation 2, ndiyo yakajairwa chiyero cheRFID tag uye vaverengi. EPC Gen 2 ndiyo itsva air interface mwero yakatenderwa neEPCglobal, sangano risingaite purofiti yekumisa purofiti, muna 2004 iyo isingabhadhare nhengo dzeEPCglobal nezvikamu zvakasaina chibvumirano cheEPCglobal IP kubva pamubhadharo wepatent. Iyi chiyero ndiyo hwaro hweEPCglobal network yeredhiyo frequency identification (RFID) tekinoroji, Internet uye Electronic Product Code (EPC).

Iyo ndeimwe yeakanyanya kugamuchirwa zviyero zveRFID tekinoroji, kunyanya mukutengesa ketani uye zvekutengesa zvikumbiro.

EPC Gen 2 chikamu cheiyo EPCglobal chiyero, ine chinangwa chekupa yakamisikidzwa nzira yekuziva uye yekutevera zvigadzirwa uchishandisa RFID. Inotsanangura maprotocol ekutaurirana uye paramita yeRFID tag uye vaverengi, kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana uye kuenderana pakati pevagadziri vakasiyana.

ISO 18000-6 iratidziro yemhepo yakagadziridzwa neInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) kuti ishandiswe neRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tekinoroji. Inotsanangura nzira dzekutaurirana uye mitemo yekufambisa data pakati pevaverengi veRFID nema tag.

Kune akati wandei eISO 18000-6, iyo ISO 18000-6C ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. ISO 18000-6C inotsanangura iyo air interface protocol yeUHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID masisitimu. Iyo inozivikanwawo seEPC Gen2 (Electronic Product Code Generation 2), ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa chiyero kune UHF RFID masisitimu.

ISO 18000-6C inotsanangura maprotocol ekutaurirana, zvimiro zvedata uye seti yemirairo inoshandiswa pakudyidzana pakati peUHF RFID tag nevaverengi. Iyo inotsanangura kushandiswa kwema tag eUHF RFID, ayo asingade simba remukati sosi uye panzvimbo pezvo anovimba nesimba rinofambiswa kubva kumuverengi kuti rishande.

Iyo ISO 18000-6 protocol ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa, uye inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda senge Logistics manejimendi, kutakura cheni yekutevera, commodity anti-yekunyepedzera, uye manejimendi evashandi. Nekushandisa iyo ISO 18000-6 protocol, RFID tekinoroji inogona kuiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana kuti uwane nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kuzivikanwa uye kuronda zvinhu.

RFID uye bhakodhi zvine zvazvakanakira uye zvinoshanda zviratidziro, hapana mukana wakakwana uye wakashata. RFID iri nani pane barcode mune zvimwe zvinhu, semuenzaniso:

1. Kuchengetedza simba: RFID tags inogona kuchengetedza mamwe mashoko, kusanganisira ruzivo rwekutanga rwechinhu, ruzivo rwehutano, ruzivo rwekugadzira, ruzivo rwekutenderera. Izvi zvinoita kuti RFID iwedzere kushanda mukugadzirisa zvinhu uye manejimendi ekuverenga, uye inogona kuteverwa kumashure kutenderera kwehupenyu hwese chinhu chimwe nechimwe.

2. Kuverenga nekukurumidza: RFID tags inoverenga nekukurumidza, inogona kuverenga akawanda ma tags mu scan, inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka.

3. Non-contact reading: RFID tags anoshandisa redhiyo frequency tekinoroji, anogona kuona non-contact kuverenga. Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemuverengi uye teki chinogona kunge chiri mukati memamita mashoma, pasina chikonzero chekurongedza tag zvakananga, unogona kuona kuverenga kwebatch uye kuverenga kure-kure.

4. Encoding uye dynamically yakagadziridzwa: RFID tags inogona kukodha, ichibvumira data kuchengetwa uye kuvandudzwa. Mamiriro uye ruzivo rwenzvimbo yezvinhu zvinogona kurekodhwa pane iyo tag munguva chaiyo, iyo inobatsira kuteedzera uye kubata Logistics uye inventory munguva chaiyo. Mabhakodhi, kune rumwe rutivi, anomira uye haakwanise kuvandudza kana kushandura data mushure mekutarisa.

5. Kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kusimba: RFID tags inowanzova nekuvimbika kwepamusoro uye kusimba uye inogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai sekushisa kwepamusoro, kunyorova uye kusvibiswa. Mategi anogona kuvharirwa mune zvinogara kwenguva refu kuchengetedza iyo tag pachayo. Mabhakodhi, kune rumwe rutivi, anogona kukuvara, sekukwenya, kuputsika kana kusvibiswa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusaverengeka kana kusaverengeka.

Nekudaro, mabarcode ane zvayakanakira, semutengo wakaderera, kuchinjika, uye nyore. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mabhakodhi anogona kunge akanyanya kukodzera, senge madiki-scale Logistics uye manejimendi manejimendi, mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuongorora imwe neimwe, zvichingodaro.

Naizvozvo, sarudzo yekushandisa RFID kana barcode inofanirwa kunge yakavakirwa pane chaiyo application mamiriro uye zvinodiwa. Mukuda kwekuverenga kwakanaka, nekukurumidza, kureba kwehuwandu hwemashoko, RFID inogona kunge yakakodzera; uye mukuda kwemutengo wakaderera, zviri nyore kushandisa zvimiro, barcode inogona kuve yakakodzera.

Nepo tekinoroji yeRFID ine akawanda mabhenefiti, haizonyatso kutsiva mabhawa macode. Ose ari maviri barcode uye RFID tekinoroji ane zvawo akasiyana mabhenefiti uye anoshanda mamiriro.

Barcode inyanzvi yehupfumi uye yakachipa, inoshanduka uye inoshanda yekuzivisa tekinoroji, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutengesa, zvinhu uye mamwe minda. Nekudaro, ine diki diki rekuchengetedza data, iyo inogona chete kuchengetedza kodhi, diki ruzivo rwekuchengetedza ruzivo, uye inogona chete kuchengeta nhamba, Chirungu, mavara, uye huwandu hwemashoko density ye128 ASCII macode. Paunenge uchishandiswa, zvinodikanwa kuverenga iyo yakachengetwa kodhi zita kuti ufonere iyo data iri mukombuta network kuti izivikanwe.

RFID tekinoroji, kune rumwe rutivi, ine yakakura kwazvo kuchengetedza data uye inogona kuteverwa kumashure kwese kutenderera kwehupenyu hwechimwe nechimwe chinhu. Iyo yakavakirwa paredhiyo frequency tekinoroji uye inogona kuvharirwa kana password-kuchengetedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti data rakachengeteka uye rakachengeteka. RFID ma tag anogona kuvharirwa uye anogona kuverengerwa, kuvandudzwa, uye kumisikidzwa nemamwe maratidziro ekunze kugadzira shanduko yedata.

Naizvozvo, nepo RFID tekinoroji ine akawanda mabhenefiti, haizonyatso kutsiva mabhawa macode. Mune akawanda maficha ekushandisa, vaviri vacho vanogona kuenzanisa uye kushanda pamwechete kuti vaone otomatiki kuzivikanwa uye kuteedzera kwezvinhu.

RFID mavara anogona kuchengeta akawanda marudzi eruzivo, kusanganisira asi asina kuganhurirwa kune anotevera:

RFID tag anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira asi kwete kugumira ku:

1. Logistics: Makambani eLogistics anogona kushandisa RFID tags kuronda zvinhu, kunatsiridza kufambisa kwekufambisa uye kurongeka, pamwe nekupa mabasa ari nani ekugadzirisa kune vatengi.

2. Retail: Vatengesi vanoshandisa RFID tags for inventory management, inventory control uye kudzivirira kuba. Izvo zvinoshandiswa nezvitoro zvembatya, masupamaketi, vatengesi vemagetsi uye mamwe mabhizinesi muindasitiri yezvitoro.

3. Asset management: RFID tags inoshandiswa pakutsvaga kweasset uye hutungamiri mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Masangano anoashandisa kuteedzera zvakakosha zvinhu, zvishandiso, maturusi, uye hesera. Maindasitiri akadai sekuvaka, IT, dzidzo uye masangano ehurumende anoshandisa RFID tag pakutarisira asset.

4. Maraibhurari: Mategi eRFID anoshandiswa mumaraibhurari ekutungamira zvakanaka kwebhuku kunosanganisira kukwereta, kukweretesa uye kutonga kwezvinhu.

RFID ma tag anogona kushandiswa mune chero mamiriro ekushandisa apo zvinhu zvinoda kuteverwa, kuzivikanwa uye kutariswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ma RFID ma tag anoshandiswa nemaindasitiri mazhinji akasiyana nemasangano, anosanganisira makambani ekutakura zvinhu, vatengesi, zvipatara, vagadziri, maraibhurari, nezvimwe.

Mutengo weRFID tags unosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, senge rudzi rwe tag, saizi yaro, kuverenga kuverenga, memory memory, ingave inoda kunyora macode kana encryption, zvichingodaro.
Kazhinji, ma RFID tags ane mitengo yakasiyana-siyana, inogona kubva pamasendi mashoma kusvika kumakumi mashoma emadhora, zvichienderana nekuita kwavo uye mashandisiro. Mamwe ma tag eRFID akajairwa, akadai seakajairwa eRFID tag anoshandiswa mukutengesa uye logistics, kazhinji anodhura pakati pemasendi mashoma nemadhora mashoma. Uye mamwe ma tag eRFID epamusoro-soro, akadai seyepamusoro-frequency RFID tag yekutevera uye manejimendi easset, anogona kudhura zvakanyanya.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mutengo weRFID tag hausi iwo chete mutengo. Kune mamwe mari anodyidzana ekutarisisa kana uchiendesa uye uchishandisa iyo RFID sisitimu, senge mutengo wevaverengi uye antennas, mutengo wekudhinda nekuisa ma tag, mutengo wekubatanidza system uye kuvandudza software, zvichingodaro. Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza RFID tag, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve mutengo wema tag uye mamwe ane hukama mutengo kuitira kuti usarudze iyo tag mhando uye mutengesi anonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako.