Background & Application
Event management is one of the important areas of modern management. It can well improve the organizational efficiency and operational quality of the event, ensure the smooth progress of the event, and successfully achieve the goal of the event. With the development of RFID technology, in sports events, business summits and other scenarios, it can reduce manpower and material resources, save time, and help event planners and managers improve management efficiency and reduce errors.
1.Sports event management
RFID technology is generally used for timing in road running events such as large marathons, half marathons, and 10 kilometers. According to AIMS, timing RFID tags were first introduced into marathon races by Champion Chip of the Netherlands around 1995. In road running competitions, there are two types of timing tags, one is tied on the shoelace; the other is directly pasted on the back of the number bib and does not need to be recycled. Passive tags are used in mass road running races to save costs. During the race, carpet readers are generally laid at the start, finish and some key turning points, etc. to generate a magnetic field in a small area. The tag's antenna passes through the magnetic field to generate current to power the chip so that the tag can transmit signals. So that the antenna of the carpet can receive and record the ID and time of the chip passing through the carpet. The data of all carpets are aggregated into special software to sort out the results of each player and calculate the chip time, etc.
Analysis of Product Selection
Because the marathon is held outdoors and the crowds are dense, it requires accurate timing and recognition of long distances. In this system, UHF RFID solutions are usually used, such as NXP UCODE 9, operating frequency is 860~960MHz, ISO 18000-6C and EPC C1 Gen2 compatible, capacity EPC 96bit, wide operating temperature range: -40 °C to +85 °C, it has the advantages of high speed, group reading, multi-tag anti-collision, long distance, relatively strong anti-interference ability, low cost and small tag size. The RFID electronic labels can be affixed to the back of the athlete's number bib. Many event organizing committees will use one primary and one backup RFID label, because this can reduce the probability of false readings caused by interference from the tags. Provides a backup plan should any one of these devices fail.
In practical applications, because the RFID label is affixed to the back of the number bib and is separated from the human body by only a piece of sportswear, the relative dielectric constant of the human body is large, and close contact will absorb electromagnetic waves, which will affect the performance of the antenna. Therefore, we will paste a layer of foam on the tag Inlay to keep the tag antenna at a certain distance from the human body to reduce the impact on tag reading. Inlay uses an aluminum etched antenna plus PET. The aluminum etching process makes the cost lower. The antenna uses a half-wave dipole antenna with a widened structure at both ends: increasing the radiation capability, or it can be understood as increasing its radiation resistance. The radar cross-section is large and the backscattering energy is strong. The reader receives strong energy reflected by the RFID tag, and can still be used even in very complex environments.
In terms of the choice of glue, because most number of plates are made of DuPont paper with a rough surface, and athletes will produce a lot of sweat during competitions, the RFID tags need to use an adhesive that uses organic solvents as a medium to dissolve and coat the adhesive. The advantages are: It has good water resistances, trong viscosity, not easy to overflow of adhesive, is resistant to high temperatures and can be adapted to outdoor taging.
2. Large-scale event management
RFID electronic tickets are a new type of tickets that embed smart chips into media such as paper tickets for quick ticket checking/inspection and enable real-time precise positioning, tracking and query management of ticket holders. Its core is a chip that uses RFID (radio frequency identification) technology and has a certain storage capacity. This RFID chip and a special RFID antenna are connected together to form what is often called an electronic tag. Encapsulating the electronic tag in a specific ticket or card constitutes an advanced electronic ticket.
Compared with traditional paper tickets, RFID electronic tickets have the following innovative features:
1) The core of the electronic ticket is a highly secure integrated circuit chip. Its security design and manufacturing determine the extremely high threshold for RFID technology and is almost impossible to imitate.
2) The electronic RFID tag has a unique ID number, which is stored in the chip and cannot be modified or counterfeited; it has no mechanical wear and is anti-fouling;
3) In addition to the password protection of electronic tags, the data part can be securely managed using encryption algorithms; there is a mutual authentication process between the RFID reader and RIFD tag.
4) In terms of ticket anti-counterfeiting, using RFID electronic tickets instead of traditional manual tickets can also greatly improve ticket checking efficiency. In occasions such as large-scale sports competitions and performances with a large ticket volume, RFID technology can be used to anti-counterfeit tickets, eliminating the need for manual identification. , thereby realizing the rapid passage of personnel. It can also record the identification of tickets entering and exiting to prevent tickets from being stolen and used again. For important events, depending on the needs of security management, it is even possible to monitor whether ticket holders enter designated locations.
5) This system can be organically integrated with users' existing ticket issuance software through corresponding data interfaces, allowing users to upgrade existing ticketing systems to rfid ticket anti-counterfeiting systems at minimal cost.
In practical applications, because the RFID label is affixed to the back of the number bib and is separated from the human body by only a piece of sportswear, the relative dielectric constant of the human body is large, and close contact will absorb electromagnetic waves, which will affect the performance of the antenna. Therefore, we will paste a layer of foam on the tag Inlay to keep the tag antenna at a certain distance from the human body to reduce the impact on tag reading. Inlay uses an aluminum etched antenna plus PET. The aluminum etching process makes the cost lower. The antenna uses a half-wave dipole antenna with a widened structure at both ends: increasing the radiation capability, or it can be understood as increasing its radiation resistance. The radar cross-section is large and the backscattering energy is strong. The reader receives strong energy reflected by the RFID tag, and can still be used even in very complex environments.
In terms of the choice of glue, because most number of plates are made of DuPont paper with a rough surface, and athletes will produce a lot of sweat during competitions, the RFID tags need to use an adhesive that uses organic solvents as a medium to dissolve and coat the adhesive. The advantages are: It has good water resistances, trong viscosity, not easy to overflow of adhesive, is resistant to high temperatures and can be adapted to outdoor taging.
Analysis of Product Selection
Commonly used solutions include HF(high frequency) and UHF(Ultra high frequency). RFID in both frequency bands can be made into RFID electronic tickets.
HF operating frequency is 13.56MHz, protocol ISO14443, available tag chips are NXP (NXP): Ultralight series, Mifare series S50, DESfire series, Fudan: FM11RF08 (compatible with S50).
UHF operating frequency is 860~960MHz, compatible with ISO18000-6C and EPCC1Gen2, and optional tag chips are NXP: UCODE series, Alien: H3, H4, H-EC, Impinj: M3, M4 series, M5, MR6 series.
HF RFID technology uses the principle of near-field inductive coupling, that is, the reader transmits energy and exchanges data with the tag through a magnetic field, with a reading distance of less than 1 meter. UHF RFID technology uses the principle of far-field electromagnetic radiation, that is, the reader transmits energy and exchanges data with the tag through electromagnetic waves. The reading distance is generally 3 to 5m.
RFID antenna: HF antenna is a near-field induction coil antenna, which is composed of multi-turn inductor coils. It adopts the printing antenna process and directly uses conductive ink (carbon paste, copper paste, silver paste, etc.) to print conductive lines on the insulating layer (paper or PET) , forming the circuit of the antenna. It is characterized by large output and low cost, but its durability is not strong.
UHF antennas are dipole antennas and slot antennas. Far-field radiation antennas are usually resonant and generally take half wavelength. UHF antennas generally use aluminum etching antenna technology. Aluminum metal foil and a layer of insulating PET are combined with glue and processed by etching technology. Features: High precision, high cost, but low productivity.
Surface material: ticket printing usually uses two kinds of cardboard printing, art paper and thermal paper: the common weights of art cardboard ticket printing are 157g, 200g, 250g, 300g, etc.; the common weights of thermal paper ticket printing are 190g, 210g, 230g, etc.
