Inkomoko n'Imikoreshereze
NFC: Ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rikoresha umugozi rikoresha umuvuduko munini rituma amakuru adahuza hagati y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, rigahana amakuru mu ntera ya cm 10. Sisitemu y'itumanaho ya NFC igizwe n'ibice bibiri byigenga: umusomyi wa NFC na tag ya NFC. Umusomyi wa NFC ni igice gikora cya sisitemu "gisoma" (cyangwa gitunganya) amakuru mbere yo gutangira igisubizo runaka. Gitanga imbaraga kandi cyohereza amabwiriza ya NFC ku gice cy'isi (ni ukuvuga tag ya NFC). Ubusanzwe, hamwe na microcontroller, umusomyi wa NFC atanga ingufu no guhanahana amakuru n'ikirango kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya NFC. Umusomyi wa NFC ashyigikira protocole nyinshi za RF n'imikorere kandi ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butatu butandukanye: gusoma/kwandika, peer-to-peer (P2P) no kwigana ikarita. Umurongo w'imikorere ya NFC ni 13.56 MHz, ikoreshwa na frequency yo hejuru, kandi amahame ya protocole ni ISO/IEC 14443A/B na ISO/IEC15693.
Ibirango bya NFC bifite porogaramu nyinshi zitandukanye, nko guhuza no gukemura ibibazo, kwamamaza, kurwanya inyito, nibindi.
1.Guhuza no Gukosora amakosa
Mu kwandika amakuru nk'izina n'ijambo ry'ibanga rya WiFi ku kirango cya NFC ukoresheje umusomyi wa NFC, ugashyiraho iki kirango ahantu hakwiye, umurongo ushobora gukorwa ukoresheje gusa gushyira ibikoresho bibiri bikoresha NFC hafi y'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, NFC ishobora gutera izindi porogaramu nka Bluetooth, ZigBee. Guhuza bibaho mu kanya gato kandi NFC ikora gusa iyo uyikeneye, bityo nta guhuza ibikoresho ku buryo butunguranye kandi nta makimbirane azabaho ku bikoresho nko kuri Bluetooth. Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya cyangwa kwagura umuyoboro wawe wo mu rugo nabyo biroroshye, kandi nta mpamvu yo gushaka umurongo cyangwa kwandika ijambo ry'ibanga.
Isesengura ry'uburyo ibicuruzwa bitoranywa
Chipu: Birasabwa gukoresha urukurikirane rwa NXP NTAG21x, NTAG213, NTAG215 na NTAG216. Uru rukurikirane rwa chips rwujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho bya NFC Type 2 kandi rwujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO14443A.
Antena: NFC ikora kuri 13.56MHz, ikoresheje antene ya aluminiyumu ikora coil AL+PET+AL.
Kole: Niba ikintu kigomba gufatirwaho kiri cyoroshye kandi ahantu hakoreshwa ari heza, kole ishyushye ishongeshejwe cyangwa kole y'amazi ihendutse irashobora gukoreshwa. Niba ahantu hakoreshwa ari habi kandi ikintu kigomba gufatirwaho kikaba gikomeye, kole y'amavuta ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ikomere.
Ibikoresho byo hejuru: Impapuro zipfutse zishobora gukoreshwa. Niba bikenewe ko amazi atagira amazi, ibikoresho bya PET cyangwa PP birashobora gukoreshwa. Inyandiko n'ibishushanyo mbonera birashobora gutangwa.
2. Kwamamaza no gupakira amatangazo
Amaposita y'ubwenge ni imwe mu mikoreshereze y'ikoranabuhanga rya NFC. Yongeraho tagi za NFC ku matangazo y'umwimerere cyangwa ibyapa byamamaza, kugira ngo iyo abantu babonye itangazo, bashobore gukoresha telefoni zabo zigendanwa kugira ngo baske tagi iriho kugira ngo babone amakuru ajyanye n'iyamamaza. Mu rwego rw'amaposita, ikoranabuhanga rya NFC rishobora kongeramo uburyo bwo gukorana n'abandi. Urugero, posita irimo chip ya NFC ishobora guhuzwa n'ibirimo nk'umuziki, videwo, ndetse n'imikino ihuza abantu, bityo bigatuma abantu benshi baguma imbere y'amaposita kandi byongera ubwiza bw'ikirango n'ingaruka zo kwamamaza. Bitewe n'uko telefoni zigendanwa zifite imikorere ya NFC zikunzwe, amaposita y'ubwenge ya NFC nayo akoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi.
Amakuru ari mu buryo bwa NDEF nka posters za smart, ubutumwa bugufi, URL, nimero zo guhamagara, porogaramu zitangira, coordinates z'amakarita, nibindi ashobora kwandikwa mu kirango cya NFC kugira ngo ibikoresho bikoresha NFC bisome kandi bigereho. Kandi amakuru yanditse ashobora gufungwa no gufungwa kugira ngo hirindwe impinduka mbi zishobora guterwa n'izindi porogaramu.
Isesengura ry'uburyo ibicuruzwa bitoranywa
Chipu: Birasabwa gukoresha utumashini twa NXP NTAG21x. Ibiranga byihariye bitangwa na NTAG21x byagenewe kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza no korohereza abakoresha:
1) Imikorere ya Fast Read yemerera gushakisha ubutumwa bwuzuye bwa NDEF hakoreshejwe itegeko rimwe rya FAST_READ gusa, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo gusoma mu buryo bwinshi bwo gukora;
2) Kongera imikorere ya RF, bitanga ubwiyongere bw'imiterere, ingano n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho;
3) Ubunini bwa IC bwa 75 μm bufasha mu gukora tagi nto cyane kugira ngo byoroshye gushyira mu binyamakuru cyangwa amatangazo, nibindi;
4） Hamwe na byte 144, 504 cyangwa 888 z'ubuso bw'umukoresha buhari, abakoresha bashobora guhitamo hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye.
Antena: NFC ikora kuri 13.56MHz, ikoresheje antene ya aluminiyumu ikora coil AL+PET+AL.
Kole: Kubera ko ikoreshwa ku byapa kandi ikintu kigomba gufatishwa kikaba cyoroshye, kole ishyushye ishongeshejwe cyangwa kole y'amazi ihendutse irashobora gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho byo hejuru: impapuro z'ubugeni zishobora gukoreshwa. Niba bikenewe ko amazi atagira amazi, ibikoresho bya PET cyangwa PP birashobora gukoreshwa. Inyandiko n'ibishushanyo mbonera birashobora gutangwa.
3. Kurwanya ibihimbano
Ikimenyetso cya NFC cyo kurwanya ibihimbano ni ikimenyetso cya elegitoroniki cyo kurwanya ibihimbano, gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kumenya ukuri kw'ibicuruzwa, kurinda ibicuruzwa by'ikirango cy'ikigo, gukumira ibicuruzwa by'impimbano birwanya ibihimbano ku isoko, no kurinda uburenganzira n'inyungu z'abaguzi.
Ikimenyetso cy’ikoranabuhanga cyo kurwanya ibihimbano gishyirwa ku gipfunyika, kandi abaguzi bashobora kumenya ikimenyetso cy’ikoranabuhanga cyo kurwanya ibihimbano binyuze muri APP kuri telefoni igendanwa ya NFC, kugenzura amakuru y’ukuri, no gusoma amakuru ajyanye n’ibicuruzwa. Urugero: amakuru y’uruganda, itariki rwakoreweho, aho rwaturutse, ibisobanuro, nibindi, gusiba amakuru y’ikimenyetso no kumenya ukuri kw’ibicuruzwa. Kimwe mu byiza by’ikoranabuhanga rya NFC ni uko byoroshye guhuza: ibirango bito bya NFC bifite ubugari bwa milimetero 10 kandi bishobora gushyirwa mu buryo butagaragara mu mapaki y’ibicuruzwa, imyenda cyangwa amacupa ya divayi.
Isesengura ry'uburyo ibicuruzwa bitoranywa
1. Chip: Birasabwa gukoresha FM11NT021TT, ikaba ari chip yakozwe na Fudan Microelectronics ijyanye na ISO/IEC14443-A proto.col na NFC Forum Type2 Tag standard kandi ifite imikorere yo gutahura ikoranabuhanga rifunguye. Ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu nzego nko gupakira ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge, kurwanya ibihimbano, no gukumira ubujura bw'ibikoresho.
Ku bijyanye n'umutekano wa chip ya NFC tag ubwayo:
1) Buri chip ifite UID yigenga ya byte 7, kandi UID ntishobora kwandikwa bundi bushya.
2) Agace ka CC gafite imikorere ya OTP kandi ntigacika intege kugira ngo karinde gufungura nabi.
3) Ahantu ho kubika ibintu hari uburyo bwo gufunga gusa.
4) Ifite uburyo bwo kubika amakuru burinzwe n'ijambo ry'ibanga, kandi umubare ntarengwa w'amagambo y'ibanga ushobora gushyirwaho.
Mu rwego rwo gusubiza abakora amayeri yo gusimbuza amakarita y’impimbano no kuzuza amacupa y’umwimerere divayi y’impimbano, dushobora gukora amakarita y’impimbano ya NFC afite imiterere y’amakarita, igihe cyose ipaki y’ibicuruzwa ifunguye, amakarita azacika kandi ntashobora kongera gukoreshwa! Iyo amakarita akuweho, amakarita azacika kandi ntashobora gukoreshwa nubwo yavanyweho.
2.Antena: NFC ikora kuri 13.56MHz kandi ikoresha antene ya coil. Kugira ngo igire ubwiyongere bworoshye, hakoreshwa ishingiro ry'impapuro nk'umutwaro wa antene na chip AL+Paper+AL.
3. Kole: Koresha kole irekura cyane ku mpapuro zo hasi, na kole irekura buhoro ku bikoresho by'imbere. Muri ubu buryo, iyo agapapuro kaciwe, ibikoresho by'imbere n'impapuro zo inyuma bizatandukana bikangiza antene, bigatuma imikorere ya NFC idakora neza.
